Motion-picture machine



Febok l@ 9 E92@ W. SALORIO MOTION PICTURE MACHINE Filed March 17, 1924 @xposuie so that iis die central axis of 1T? lu 9, the caminan ei" u machines 0; .nich lim mo/.es 10* passing Lilough J* his;

ssleen succession The object of m L system lenses auch @ha i'eiated that, Without any u bodily poson of @iii er *fi the lenses, di images i lisas en?, 77 in the ,@*Qgndgogy rough. mail. operative field.

muts tif,- p s to that of h@ @y any @if Vel. such sneed than L single i con "che sciee precisely the aime inieiiswns zm @zich n picture to pass n image? at@ all posi ons 015i' die individuali pic` isles e, ,'f? are so 'iure imn f plojeccd m5- t al?. post is 0;? Wiie picture is Cen'iai ne moving lens systg f be of um 3mi y A dimensions,

ieus or System wies W185i Whie his @HSD Brani, positions o y necessary7 mg lens systsnh "i as i0 accommoc'i" i Single imag@ form stand the characteristics of this system of lenses involves knowledge rof the character of the lenses, the position of the movable lenses relative to the forward nodal point d of lens b and the distance from the film gate to the rear nodal point o or lens Z).

v The lenses e, f, g are made aplanatic, the first aplanatic point being at the forward nodal point (lof lens Z which is also ythe center of rotation of the lenses e, f, g. All first aplanatic points of the lenses e, f, g coincide at oint d. It will be understood, however,'t at if, as hereinbefore stated, a different lens or` system of lenses be substituted for the specific lens b illustrated, the josition physically occupied by the front noal point alv maynot be actually within the lens. .l f c 'Ilhe second laplanatic point of each lens e, f, g is at the point It. In the movement of anyr of the movable lenses, this point is constantly shifting from one side to the other y of fthe fixed central axis of the lens system,

being on said axis when the center of such movable'4 lens is on said axis. At this point y'it coincide all imaginary lines constituting rearwardprojections of light rays passing through such movable lens thathave reached 'Such movable lens by emerging from lens b as from its front-nodal point al.

` {Thefnature'of the combination of fixed objective lens and movable lenses will be Vbetter understood by following a light ray projected from lany point (say y, Fig.v l) -of the .moving film directly toward the first. nodal point c of lens b. As this ray is defiected through lens b (see Fig. 3) it is bent down so as to pass through a point in lens b midway between nodal points c and d and on emerging therefrom is deflected so as to take a course parallel with its original course and in a line which, if projected backward, would intersect the second nodal p oint d of lensbLWhen the light ray is, deflected thx-ori` hv le1 1 s.f,its direction therethrough is s'uc that'if' projected backward it would intersect the second aplanatic point h, of

the "movable lenses'.`

In Fig. 1, as hereinbefore stated, a picture az--y is central of the film gate, at which time a movable lens (say f) is central of the axis ofthe ,lens system. By following rays from points w and y directed toward' the nodal .point c and passing'through the fixed lens'b, movable' lens f and fixed lens to the screen m, which iscoincident with the second focal lan'eo'fsthe system, it will be understood tliat an yinverted image of the `picture will be formed in this plane between the points asf .andl y', which coincides with the aperture in screen m." light rays emanatingfrom above point y elowpoint .w and directed toward the,I rear nodal-point c will Strike the screen m belowor above its aper-l ture,

tween the points and y.

vanced the lenses f and g to-such positionA that the junction between them is on the axis of the system. By following rays from` points a: and y directed toward the nodal point c and passing through the fixed lens b, movable lens f and fixed lens c to the screen m, an inverted. image of the picture :1i-y will be formed in the plane of m be- By following rays-from points y and ,a directed toward the nodal point c and passing through the fixed lens b movable lens g and fixed lens to the screen m, an inverted image of the picture will be Vformed in the plane m between the points y2 and e.- As points m and y2 coincide and points y and e coincide it will be understood that a composite image from picturesm-y and g/-awill be formed in the plane m.

It will thus be understood that the movement of the film is balanced by the rotation of the movable lenses, producing a stationary image.

` So far there havelbeen considered only y light rays that are directed vtoward rear nodal points c of the fixed lens b. Any l'ght ray passing through anypoint in the film picture and directed toward any other point in the fixed lens b will, after passing through a movable lens and the fixed lens k, if it impinges in theJ plane of the screen m within the aperture thereon, -impinge at a point coincident with a ray of light passing through" nodal point d .(which coincides with the first 4 -aplanatic 4point ofA the lens system) and to note/that all suchl rays pass through a movable lens in such` direction that if projected backward they would coincide at the second `aplanatic point (la) of the lens system.

By the use of my improved lens system all y l images formed at the aperture in the plane m, or projected, greatly magnified, through lens n to the exhibition screen, will be, at all positions of the movable lens, ofuniform size. There is, therefore, no alternate y enlargement and contraction of the dimensions ofthe exhibited image, no alternate distortion and righting, and no flickering.

These results are accomplished without the -necessityl of automatically, shifting'the positions of any of the lenses or the position of thefilm and indeed without providing for any` compensating adjustments of any i part of the system; the only mcving ing fixed and: movable lenses 'that do not` have the characteristics and relations herein described. Such supplemental mechanism is not only expensive to construct,' but is liable to get out of order and cannot be restored to Working conditions by one who is without the highest degree ot skill. My iin- I proved lens system has also the advantage that any o tical manufacturer who is given an order or aplanatic'lenses of 'given size and of given degrees of curvature can furnish thellenses Without the vnecessity oi? specially educating his V"vvrkmeng the method. of production of such lenses being within the knowledge of any skilled artisan-in the optical industry.v The expense o'l manuilacturi'n'g:' ;l the lenses is therefore relatively moderate, so that the cost of .the iinished machine is within entirely reasonable limits.

To produce thefbest results, the original Apictures should be taken' at a rate oil2 speed greatly in excess of t e conventional sixteen pictures per second. Such pictures'can 'be takenby means oit a slow motion camera of the regular intermittently actuated type. rlhe pictures shouldbe projected at or near the rate' at which they are taken, ,thereby A .projecting on the exhibition screen a relaters Patent is:

tivelyf-large number of pictures per second and giving an eect of smoothness and continuity that is impossible with the Lstandard intermittently actuated projection machine Having now fullydescribed my invention what `I'claim and desireito protect byv Let- 1.111 a motion'picturemachine, the combination of a continuously movable n'llin, a

. xed objective' lens on front oit the Elm having front and rear lnodal points, acontinuously`rotatable series of spherical lenses .'Which travel in front of the fixed objec-` tive lens, and a iXedfocusing lens in 'iront of said path of travel'oftlie rotatable lenses; the rotatable lenses being aplanatic and all of which have 4a common aplanatic point which is coincident with the axis of rota'- tion of the rotatable lenses and with the front nodal point of the objective lens.

2. In a motion picture machine, the coinj bination of a continuously movable iilm, a fined objective lens in front of the tilm having front and rear nodal points, a continuously rotatable series of spherical lenses whose anis ot rotation is optically coincilens in liront of said path oftravel of the rotatable lenses,`the degree of curvature of the inner surface of each lens and the relas tive positioning oi? the rotatable lenses and the lined objective lens being such that all rays of light roin the ilm directed toward the rear nodal point of the fixed objective lens and emerging as from the ront nodal point o'f the fixed 'objective .lens will be re- `l'racted through the movable lens, all functioning positions thereof, `in such directioii that it projected backward they will intersect at a commonpoint.

3. ln a moving picture machine, the combination of a continuously movable film, a lined objective lens in front of the lin hivin liront and rear nodal points, a series of ysp erical aplanatic lenses rotatable on an airis coincident with said front nodal point and which'travel in front of the fixed objective lens, and a fixed focusing lens in front of said path of travel of theA rotatable lenses, each of said rotatable lenses, while functioning, having one Vixed aplanatic point coincident with the front nodal point of the objective lens and one, movable aplanatic point between said rotatable lens and the lined objective lens. y l. ln a motion picture machine, the combination' of a continuously movable lm, a ixed objective lens on front of the lm hav ing 'liront' and `rear nodal points, a continu- `-ously rotatable series of spherical lenses tem.

lin testimony ot which invention, l have hereunto set my hand, at Philadelphia,

Renna., on this 3rd day of March, 1924.

icc 

